Means for manufacturing earthenware coils.



No. 644,42l. Patented Feb. 27; I900.

1:.- GRAHAM.

MEANS FOR MANUFACTURING EARTHENWARE COIL-S.

(Application filed Nov. 1, 1899.)"

(No Model.)

TNE noams vzrzns 0a.. mmou'mo WASHINGTON. D. c.

NITED STATES PATENT Fries.

CHARLES GRAHAM, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

MEANS FOR MANUFACTURING EARTHENWARE COILS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 644,421, dated February 27, 1900.

Application filed November 1, 1899. Serial No. 735,498. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES GRAHAM, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city of New York, borough of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Means for Manufacturing Earthenware Coils, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to the manufacture of coils for condensing corrosive-acid vapors in distilling and analogous processes; and its object is to provide apparatus whereby such coils may be cheaply and uniformly produced and the loss due to imperfections and breakage during manufacture greatly lessened.

The invention consists in provisions for winding a continuous tube of clay received from a press upon the outer face of a revolving support of the same material adapted to receive and carry the tube in a helical path thereon and in means for holding and presenting the revolving support and allowing the removal of the latter, with its tube, for the subsequent operations of tempering and burning.

The invention also consists in certain details of the apparatus to be hereinafter described.

The accompanying drawings form a part of this specification and show the invention as I have carried it out.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of the apparatus. Fig. 2 is, a corresponding plan View; The remaining figures are on a larger scale. Fig. 3 is an elevation of the drum and adjacent parts. Fig. 4 is a transverse section on the line 4 at in Fig. 3. It also shows several standards forming part of the support. Fig. 5 is a vertical section showing the support in place on the drum as conditioned during the application of the tube forming the coil. The plane of section is indicated by the line 5 5 in Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a face view of a portion. It is the temporary ring to hold the upper ends of the standards during the operation of winding. Fig. 7 is a face view of one of the standards alone. Fig. 8 is an elevation showing the completed product.

Similar letters of reference indicate the same parts'in all the figures.

To aid in better understanding the apparatus I willfirst describe the coil, by which in this description is meant the helical tube of earthenware and its support, of like material. It is asingle piece of earthenware made up of separately-formed portions joined as usual in this art and consists of a support N,comprising an annular stepped base N N from which rise the equally-spaced standards N having a double series of spurs N on the outer face of each,arranged to form ahelical path around the support and carrying the several convolutions of the pipe M. A top ring N joins the upper ends of the standards. The ends of the pipe are shaped to receive and deliver the vapor and liquid from the still to any suitable receiver.

A is a clay-press, which may be of any ordidinary or approved construction, having a steam-cylinder A, containing a piston, to which is attached a plunger A adapted to force the clay in the cylinder A through a suitable die A and form it into a continuously-issuing tube M, as will be understood. Suitable steam connections and controlling means are employed, but need not be specif-' ically described.

B is a vertical mandrel secured to the floor and receiving a drum B", of wood or other light material, having equally-spaced longitudinal grooves 19 on its outer surface and adapted to carry the support N and to slide freely up and down and also revolve upon the mandrel. It is provided with a counterbalance-weight B attached to a cord B running on the overhead sheaves B and serving to balance approximately the weight of the drum and'the support carried thereby. The mandrel is so located relatively to the die A as to present the periphery of the support in line therewith, and thus allow the tube M to be received tangentially and wound upon the support by revolving the drum without materially changing the direction of the tube or requiring it to traverse any considerable dis tance unsupported.

The support N may be a complete cylinder of clay; but for economy of material and reduced weight in the finished article I prefer the open-work form described.

At the lower end of the drum is a removable disk or circular head B of larger diameter than the drum and attached thereto by staples B on the latter, extending through corresponding slots in the head and secured by tapered pins B driven through the staples, and thus removably locking these parts together. Upon this head are laid the rings N N superposed one upon the other, forming the base of the support and upon which rest the lower ends of the standards N forming the open-work support for the coil. They are provided with spurs N so spaced on each standard as to form a helical support for the coil in its several turns or convolutions. The standards lie each in one of the grooves I), and each is of such thickness as to bring its outer surface flush with the surface of the drum, with the spurs N projecting radially.

N are temporary spurs receiving and supporting a temporary cut ring N, serving to hold the upper ends of the standards in place, and is afterward removed,as will be described.

The operation of forming a coil is as fol lows: The standards N are prepared and numbered so as to follow each other correctly when assembled and describe a proper helical path along the line of the supportingspurs N N*. The base-rings N N are also previously prepared, as is the temporary cut ring N and the top ring N by which it is subsequently replaced. The temporary ring N is of a diameter large enough to encircle the drum and lie upon the temporary spurs N It is cut through at one point so that it may be opened slightly to receive the cord B The rings N and N are placed upon the head B the latter resting on suitable supports H, and the drum is lowered until its under face rests upon the upper ring N and is secured in this position by the pins B and staples B. The surface of the ring N is then scored or roughened and wetted adjacent to the grooves b, and the latter are filled each with its standard N and the cut ring N is passed around the supporting-cord B and allowed to rest upon the temporary spurs N whichlie flush with the upper face of each standard and hold the latter against displacement. Steam is then admitted to the cylinder A, and the plunger in moving forward forces out a tube of previously-prepared clay through the die, and is led by hand to the surface of the drum, which is revolved either directly by hand or through any suitable mechanism (not shown) at a corresponding rate and also raised grad ually to present the proper portion of the heli cal path to the exuding tube H. Vhen the drum is filled, it is lowered until the head rests upon the supports II, and the pins are then removed and the drum is lifted out and laid aside to serve in forming a succeeding coil. The temporary ring N is then removed and the permanent top ring N substituted. The temporary spurs N are then broken off and any irregularities caused by their removal are carefully slicked over. The coil is then complete, ready for the subsequent operations. The standards N and the rings N, N and N are necessarily stiff enough to be handled without distortion or other injury, while the freshly-formed tube M is still comparatively soft, but so supported by the spurs N as to maintain its shape. To equalize the temper throughout, I place the coil (the support N and its tube M) in a closed receptacle in which is sufficient water, either free or in an absorbent, and allow it to stand until all the parts are equally moist. It is then removed, dried, and made ready for the burning operation, which may be as usual.

The slight attachment of the tube to the standards at the narrow lines of contact avoids undue thickness of material at those points and allows the parts to expand and contract during the process of burning and in subsequent use with little danger of fracture.

Modifications may be made in the forms and proportions within wide limits without departing from the principle of the invention or sacrificing its advantages. The drum may be adapted to receive a support having a greater or less numberof standards than here shown oracomplete cylinder,as before stated. The base and top rings may be Varied and the drum and removable head correspondingly changed. Other plastic materials than clay may be used. I claim 1. In an apparatus for making earthenware coils, a press adapted to form a continuous tube of plastic material, a drum adapted to carry temporarily a support of similar material for said tube having a helical retainingpath formed thereon and receiving said tube, means for moving said drum to present said path to said tube as the latter issues from said press, and provisions for removing said drum from said support and its tube, all combined and arranged to serve substantially as herein specified.

2. In an apparatus for making earthenware coils, a drum having a series of longitudinal grooves on its surface, adapted to receive a series of standards of plastic material having spurs arranged to form a helical path around said drum, a press adapted to producea continuous tube of the same material, and means for supporting said drum and standards in position to receive such tube along said path, all combined and arranged to serve substantially as herein specified.

In an apparatus for making earthenware coils, a drum having a series of longitudinal grooves on its surface, adapted to receive a series of standards of plastic material having spurs arranged to form a helical path around said drum, a removable head and means for looking it to said drum, adapted to support a base-ring of plastic material upon which said standards rest, a press adapted to produce a continuous tube of the same material, and a mandrel upon which said drum is mounted with liberty to revolve and also move vertically, said mandrel being located in such re lation to said press as to present said path to said tube, all combined and arranged to serve substantially as herein. specified.

4. In an apparatus for making earthenware coils, a drum having a series of longitudinal grooves on its surface, adapted to receive a series of standards of plastic material having spurs arranged to form a helical path around said drum, and temporary spurs at the upper ends of said standards, aremovable head and means for looking it to said drum, adapted to support a base-ring of plastic material upon which said standards rest, a temporary ring resting on said temporaryspurs and serving to hold the upper ends of said standards in place, a press adapted to produce a continuous tube of the same material, and a mandrel upon which said drum is mounted with liberty to revolve and also move vertically, said mandrel being located in such relation to said press as to present said path to said tube, all combined and arranged to serve substantially as herein specified. 4

5. In an apparatus for making earthenware coils, a press adapted to form a continuous tube of plastic material, a drum having a series of longitudinal grooves on its surface, adapted to receive standards of like material,

a removable head and means for lockin g it to said drum, adapted to support a base-ring of the same material, amandrel upon which said drum is mounted with liberty to revolve and also move axially thereon, and a counterbalance-weight attached to said drum and serving to lessen the power required to raise the latter, all combined and arranged to serve substantially as and for the purposes herein specified.

6. The press A, plunger A and die A thereon, the mandrelB, drum B having the grooves 19 thereon, and head 13 removably secured thereto, arranged in such relation to said die as to receive a tube therefrom tangentially upon the surface of said drum, in combination with the counterbalance-weight l3 and the cords and sheaves B B therefor, all adapted to serve substantially as and for the purposes herein specified.

In testimony that I claim the invention above set forth I affix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

. CHAS. GRAHAM.

Witnesses:

Trrno. MILFORD, THos. L. WIsHAR'r. 

